High-voltage circuits use dual independent protection relays (Main1/Main2) for reliability. Protections include instantaneous (e.g., differential, Zone 1 distance, high-stage 67N) and time-delayed (e.g., Zones 2–4 distance, directional ground fault).

Inverse time overcurrent relays operate faster at higher currents, with response times following standard, very inverse, and extremely inverse curves.

Motor protection types include overload, short-circuit, ground fault, phase failure, phase sequence, under-voltage, over-voltage, and locked rotor protection—each safeguarding against specific electrical or mechanical faults.

UFLS is a critical protective mechanism in power systems that prevents blackouts by automatically shedding predetermined load blocks when frequency drops due to generation-load imbalance. Using relays and circuit breakers, it acts as a last resort to stabilize frequency and avoid system collapse, ensuring reliability and preventing cascading failures.